Changelog

The Site

WULF acquired the Muskie campus at the EastPark Industrial Park in Eastern Kentucky from Industrial Equity Partners. The site provides 285 acres owned or controlled within a 1,000-acre industrial park. Phase 1 targets 500 MW by H2 2028, with a second 500 MW Phase 2 by H2 2030. Kentucky Power, an AEP subsidiary, is constructing a 345 kV substation on the 765 kV transmission network to support the site. Industrial General Service tariff. Permitting underway; zoned. Purchase price not disclosed.

What Changed

WULF operator profile updated to reflect a second Kentucky campus and 3.8 GW total portfolio across six sites. Timeline adds May 26 event. Metrics card updated (pipeline 2.2 GW to 3.2 GW).

Source

• TeraWulf Acquires 1 GW Eastern Kentucky HPC Campus (May 26, 2026)

The Report

Record revenue $81.6B (+85% YoY, +20% QoQ). Data Center $75.2B (+92% YoY). GAAP gross margin 74.9%. Q2 guide $91B +/- 2%. NVIDIA explicitly assumed zero Data Center revenue from China in the outlook. $80B share repurchase authorization added; quarterly dividend raised from $0.01 to $0.25. Jensen Huang on call: every major hyperscaler partnering to deploy Vera Rubin.

Thesis Implication

NVIDIA's $91B Q2 guide is the cleanest single data point on demand sustainability through Q2 2026. The chip manufacturer's outlook extends the validation that began at the April 29 hyperscaler print night to a different layer of the stack. Positive across the NVIDIA-customer stack (CRWV, NBIS, IREN).

What Changed

Rebuttals section "On the AI capex slowdown narrative" updated to extend through the May reporting cycle. Timeline adds May 20 event.

Source

• NVIDIA Q1 FY2027 Earnings (May 20, 2026)

The Deal

APLD signed a 15-year take-or-pay lease at Polaris Forge 3, a fourth campus exceeding 600 acres in a northern state. The lease covers 300 MW of critical IT load against approximately 430 MW grid-connected capacity, with $7.5 billion in base-term contracted revenue and up to $18.2 billion if renewal options are exercised. The counterparty is the same investment-grade hyperscaler that signed Delta Forge 1 in April, doubling that customer's APLD footprint to 600 MW.

The Aggregate

Applied Digital becomes the first AI infrastructure operator in the thesis to cross 1 GW of contracted critical IT load. Total contracted lease revenue reaches $31 billion across the portfolio (four campuses, three counterparties). The repeat-customer signal is unambiguous: the same hyperscaler returned for a second 300 MW commitment four weeks after signing Delta Forge 1. The AI Factory blueprint scales and the customer chooses to scale with it.

What Changed

APLD operator profile updated to four campuses, 1,200 MW contracted, $31B contract value. Section 3 (Three Layers) and Section 7 (Category Errors) aggregates refreshed. Cohort rollup line in Section 12 updated. TLDR refreshed from $67B core / $54B adjacent to $75B core / $57B adjacent. Metrics card and timeline updated.

Source

• APLD Polaris Forge 3 Lease, Crosses 1 GW Contracted (May 20, 2026)

The Agreement

NBIS signed a master fuel-cell capacity agreement with Bloom Energy worth up to $2.6 billion in aggregate service fees. The agreement covers approximately 250 MW of guaranteed fuel-cell capacity across 328 MW installed. Behind-the-meter generation accelerates deployment timelines beyond what grid interconnection alone would permit, the same structural logic that drove APLD's Base Electron equity stake. Among adjacent operators, Nebius is the first to formalize a multi-hundred-megawatt fuel-cell program at this scale.

What Changed

NBIS operator profile updated with Bloom Energy paragraph and unique-advantage bullet extension. Sources and timeline updated.

Source

• Nebius / Bloom Energy Master Fuel-Cell Agreement (May 20, 2026)

The License

GLXY received a BitLicense and Money Transmission License from the New York State Department of Financial Services for GalaxyOne Prime NY. Authorizes trading, custody, advisory, asset management, staking, and tokenization services to a regulated U.S. counterparty footprint. Galaxy now holds more than 50 licenses globally with approximately $9 billion in client AUM. Corporate development; extends the crypto franchise without changing the infrastructure thesis.

What Changed

GLXY operator profile updated with a brief BitLicense reference in the remaining-crypto-businesses paragraph. Sources and timeline updated.

Source

• Galaxy Receives BitLicense from NYDFS (May 18, 2026)

The Order

Energy Secretary issued emergency order authorizing PJM to direct backup generation at data centers and large industrial loads to operate as last resort before EEA 3 / firm load shed. Triggered by Mid-Atlantic heat plus more than 40 GW of planned plant outages, with reserves projected below 5,800 MW. Effective three days, May 18-20. First federal action that operationalizes data centers as a grid resource rather than purely as demand.

Thesis Implication

The order cuts both ways. Bear case: grid stress is real, infrastructure deployment is bumping against physical limits. Rebuttal: campuses with backup generation now treated as peaking capacity that the grid operator can call on. APLD's Base Electron equity and Nebius's Bloom Energy fuel-cell agreement are correctly priced moves under this regime. Operators that secured power early and added behind-the-meter generation enter the constraint as solutions, not as victims of it.

What Changed

Rebuttals section added new "On grid stress as a thesis risk" subsection. Timeline adds May 18 event.

Source

• DOE Press: Emergency Order 202-26-23 (May 18, 2026)

The Facility

CoreWeave closed its first publicly syndicated HPC-backed delayed-draw term loan: $3.1 billion at SOFR + 4.50% (priced 50 bps tighter than initial talk), Ba2 (Moody's) / BB+ (Fitch), matures November 15, 2031, with draws through September 2026. The facility was described as "meaningfully oversubscribed." YTD capital raised crossed $20 billion. Filing explicitly states proceeds support deployment for "two large, non-investment-grade customers."

Thesis Implication

The non-IG customer language is the most consequential public disclosure of counterparty mix CoreWeave has made. Investment-grade hyperscalers (Microsoft, OpenAI under AWS guarantee, Meta) now sit alongside non-IG counterparties at scale. Material for the counterparty concentration analysis on APLD and GLXY, both of which have CoreWeave as primary counterparty.

What Changed

Rebuttals "What I might be wrong about" CoreWeave bullet updated to reference the May 18 disclosure. Sources updated.

Source

• CoreWeave $3.1B DDTL 5.0 Facility (May 18, 2026)

Results

NBIS reported Q1 2026 results. Revenue $399 million (+684% YoY); AI cloud $390 million (+841% YoY). Adjusted EBITDA $130 million at 32% margin. AI segment delivered 45% adjusted EBITDA margin. ARR run rate reached $1.9 billion.

Guidance Raised

2026 guidance lifted across the board: revenue $3.0-3.4 billion, year-end ARR $7-9 billion, full-year adjusted EBITDA margin approximately 40%. 2026 capex guide jumped from $7 billion to $20-25 billion driven by 2027 demand pre-commitments. Total contracted power exceeded 3.5 GW with more than 75% owned. New Pennsylvania 1.2 GW owned site announced (first 250-300 MW end-2027, full capacity by 2030).

Meta Structure Clarified

The $27 billion Meta agreement clarified as $12 billion firm dedicated compute plus $15 billion option exercisable at Nebius discretion based on capacity availability. The headline figure stands; the firm-only number is $12 billion.

What Changed

NBIS operator profile updated with Q1 results, Meta structure clarification, Pennsylvania site, and raised guidance. Metrics card refreshed to Q1 2026 fundamentals (revenue $399M, cash $9.8B, debt $4.34B). Timeline adds May 13 event.

Source

• Nebius Q1 2026 Results 6-K (May 13, 2026)

Results

WULF reported Q1 2026 results. Revenue $34.0 million split between $21.0 million in HPC lease revenue and $13.0 million in digital asset revenue. The first quarter in which HPC lease revenue exceeded digital asset revenue. Net loss $427.6 million. Adjusted EBITDA negative $4.1 million, close to breakeven on the operating line. Cash and restricted cash approximately $3.1 billion.

Operational Milestones

Lake Mariner energized 60 MW of critical IT load for Core42 in Q1, with lease revenue commencing. CB-3 near completion. CB-4 and CB-5 on track for 2026 deliveries. Hawesville (Kentucky) confirmed at 480 MW grid-connected via Justified Data subsidiary with 250+ buildable acres.

What Changed

WULF operator profile updated with Q1 results, Core42 added as second active counterparty, Lake Mariner 60 MW live, Hawesville confirmation. Comparative position bullets refreshed. Metrics card updated (live MW 23 to 60, cash $713M to $3.1B, revenue $51M to $34M, source Q3 2025 to Q1 2026). Category Errors section refreshed to note HPC revenue exceeding digital asset for the first time.

Source

• TeraWulf Q1 2026 Results (May 8, 2026)

The NVIDIA Contract

IREN signed a five-year, $3.4 billion managed GPU cloud services agreement with NVIDIA, deploying air-cooled Blackwell systems at Childress within existing 60 MW. Average annual revenue approximately $0.7 billion. The strategic partnership designates Sweetwater (Texas) as flagship NVIDIA DSX deployment across up to 5 GW of IREN's global pipeline. NVIDIA receives a five-year warrant to purchase up to 30 million IREN shares at $70 strike, implying up to $2.1 billion in additional equity investment subject to regulatory approval. Chip-manufacturer equity now spans both adjacent operators (NVIDIA-NBIS in March, NVIDIA-IREN in May).

Q3 FY26 Results

Revenue $144.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, down sequentially from $184.7 million in Q2 as Bitcoin mining hardware came offline. Net loss $247.8 million, including a $140.4 million non-cash hardware decommissioning impairment. Adjusted EBITDA $59.5 million. Sweetwater 1 substation energized on schedule. CY26 ARR target raised from $3.4 billion to $3.7 billion.

Acquisitions

Nostrum: 490 MW grid-connected platform in Spain with gigawatt-plus development pipeline. Extends the secured portfolio onto a second continent. Mirantis: orchestration software platform supporting managed GPU cloud delivery, an operational requirement of the NVIDIA contract.

What Changed

IREN operator profile materially refreshed. Opening rewritten from single-counterparty to two-counterparty positioning. NVIDIA paragraph added. Q3 FY26 results integrated. Comparative position bullets refreshed (contracted revenue $9.7B to $13.1B, counterparties Microsoft only to Microsoft + NVIDIA, pipeline 4.5 GW to 5 GW). Metrics card updated. Timeline adds May 7 event.

Sources

• IREN Business Update and Q3 FY26 Results (May 7, 2026)
• NVIDIA-IREN 5 GW Strategic Partnership (May 7, 2026)

Results

Revenue $2.078 billion (+112% YoY). Revenue backlog reached $99.4 billion, up from $55 billion at IPO, with more than $40 billion in new commitments signed in a single quarter. Ten customers now individually committed at $1 billion or more. Active power surpassed 1 GW; contracted power exceeded 3.5 GW (+400 MW added in quarter). The Meta $21 billion expansion (announced April 9) is included. 2026 capex raised to $31-35 billion (from $30-35B). 2026 revenue guide reaffirmed at $12-13 billion. Net loss widened to $740 million.

Thesis Implication

CoreWeave is the demand layer underneath APLD and GLXY contracted revenue. A backlog approaching $100 billion confirms the cascading-demand mechanism the thesis depends on. The next material disclosure is the May 18 DDTL 5.0 filing, which named "two large non-investment-grade customers" explicitly.

What Changed

Section 4 (The Flywheel) updated to reference $99 billion Q1 backlog and $40 billion of new Q1 commitments alongside the historical $55 billion S-1 figure. Rebuttals "On the AI capex slowdown narrative" extension references CoreWeave Q1.

Source

• CoreWeave Q1 2026 Results (May 7, 2026)

The Deal

Anthropic signed a three-year, $45 billion compute contract reportedly using full capacity of SpaceX/xAI's Colossus 1 (Memphis, 220,000+ NVIDIA GPUs), adding 300 MW of capacity within a month. Largest single AI compute contract on record. The contract sits on top of Anthropic's previously disclosed up-to-5 GW AWS Trainium commitment and reported $200 billion Google commitment.

Thesis Implication

Breaks the assumption that Anthropic's compute mix was a two-supplier story. Confirms demand sustainability at the model developer layer. The pattern from the April 29 hyperscaler print night now extends to the model layer: capacity constrains, demand does not.

What Changed

Rebuttals "On the AI capex slowdown narrative" extension references the Anthropic-SpaceX agreement. Timeline adds May 6 event.

Source

• Anthropic-SpaceX/Colossus $45B Compute Deal (May 6, 2026)

The MOU

RIOT signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Terrestrial Energy to develop up to 4 GW of nuclear-paired data center capacity. The structure pairs multiple 390 MW Integral Molten Salt Reactors with Riot's Texas (Rockdale, Corsicana) and Kentucky candidate sites. IMSR deployment targets the early 2030s; natural gas bridge generation is an accelerated alternative. No dollar terms disclosed. The MOU is non-binding and contingent on Terrestrial Energy's IMSR commercialization timeline.

Thesis Implication

The signal matters more than the contract terms. Riot is positioning Corsicana's gigawatt of available capacity as nuclear-ready, a configuration distinct from any other operator in the thesis. If the timeline holds, the 1.7 GW Texas portfolio could extend into a multi-gigawatt nuclear-backed footprint by the decade's end.

What Changed

RIOT operator profile updated with nuclear optionality paragraph. Unique-advantage bullet extended to reference the Terrestrial MOU. Cohort rollup line in Section 12 notes the optionality. Sources updated. Timeline adds May 6 event.

Source

• Riot / Terrestrial Energy Collaboration MOU (May 6, 2026)

The Separation

APLD separated its cloud services business by contributing it to EKSO Bionics Holdings, which renamed to ChronoScale Corporation and began trading on Nasdaq Capital Market under ticker CHRN beginning May 5, 2026. Applied Digital received approximately 138 million shares for the contribution and invested an additional $15.75 million for 1.4 million more shares, retaining roughly 97% ownership. The cloud segment that produced the $59.7 million Q3 write-down sits on a separate ticker. Applied Digital operates as a pure-play data center and HPC hosting platform going forward.

Related Execution: Bridge Close

The day prior, on May 4, Applied Digital closed the $300 million senior secured bridge facility foreshadowed in the April 23 Delta Forge 1 announcement. Goldman Sachs led the facility, priced at SOFR plus 275 basis points on a 364-day maturity, secured by project assets. The structure mirrors the Polaris Forge 1 and 2 financings: deploy capital against the contract, refinance into long-term project debt once construction is in hand. Bridge proceeds fund continued development of the 150 MW Building 3 at Polaris Forge 1.

What Changed

APLD operator profile updated to reflect pure-play data center and HPC hosting structure post-CHRN separation. Category Errors section updated with the reclassification milestone. Bridge facility status moves from "expected" to "closed". Timeline adds May 4 bridge close (folded into May 5 ChronoScale entry as execution detail) and May 5 ChronoScale spin-off events.

Sources

• Applied Digital Completes Separation of Cloud Business; ChronoScale Begins Trading (May 5, 2026)
• APLD $300M Goldman Bridge Facility Closes (May 4, 2026)

The Disclosure

CIFR reported Q1 2026 results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. Contracted revenue rose to $11.4 billion across three IG hyperscale leases, up from $9.3 billion before the third campus value was disclosed. Average annualized NOI of $787 million expected from October 2026 through September 2036, with $892 million targeted by 2035, both higher than the prior $669 million / $754 million projection. Operating and contracted capacity reached 907 MW. Development pipeline 3.3 GW prioritized for HPC, with priority sites Reveille and Ulysses holding interconnection approvals and targeting 2027 energization.

Construction and Liquidity

Both Barber Lake and Black Pearl confirmed on schedule and on budget as of Q1 2026, with no additional equity anticipated. Barber Lake (300 MW Fluidstack/Google) targets rent commencement October 2026. Q1 unrestricted cash and equivalents stood at $715 million; the $200 million revolver remains as additional committed liquidity, undrawn. Q1 revenue $34.8 million reflects planned wind-down of mining at Black Pearl as the site prepares for AWS delivery. Q1 capex $554 million primarily into Black Pearl construction. Stock +23.5% post-print.

What Changed

CIFR operator profile updated with Q1 disclosure of $11.4B contracted, 907 MW operating + contracted, $787M average NOI, 3.3 GW pipeline. Counterparty diversification diagram label updated to $11.4B total with third IG hyperscaler annotation. Fundamentals refreshed to Q1 2026 (cash $4.25B, debt $5.21B, revenue $34.8M). Cohort aggregate updated from approximately $119B to approximately $121B.

Sources

• Cipher Digital Q1 2026 Business Update (May 5, 2026)
• Cipher Digital Q1 2026 Investor Presentation (May 5, 2026)

The Acquisition

NBIS agreed to acquire Eigen AI for $643 million, integrating Eigen's inference and model-optimization technology into the Nebius Token Factory managed-inference platform. The acquisition adds a differentiation vector that pure GPU cloud operators cannot easily replicate: vertical integration of inference optimization on top of the underlying compute. The economic implication is margin. If Nebius can deliver lower cost-per-inference through optimization while maintaining underlying GPU utilization, the platform layer captures value above the raw infrastructure layer that IREN and the colocation operators cannot reach.

What Changed

NBIS operator profile updated with platform layer expansion paragraph and unique-advantage bullet extension. Eigen AI acquisition source added.

Source

• Nebius Agrees to Acquire Eigen AI (May 1, 2026)

Execution Milestone

RIOT reported Q1 2026 results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The first 5 MW commenced operations at Rockdale in January 2026, delivering on schedule. AMD subsequently exercised its 25 MW expansion option, bringing total contracted critical IT capacity to 50 MW. Combined contract value approximately $636 million with $510 million NOI on the deployed footprint, with extension and expansion options to over $1.6 billion. Annualized lease revenue run-rate target $37.8 million exiting 2026, scaling to $55.6 million by exit-2027 at 80%+ NOI margins.

Reclassification Begins

CFO Jason Chung's framing on the call was direct: for the first time, the top line includes contracted lease revenue from an investment-grade tenant. The reclassification milestone the thesis predicted has begun. Q1 revenue $167 million; GAAP net loss $500 million including $326.7 million non-cash BTC mark-to-market. Stock +12.2% post-print.

Corsicana Redesign

Corsicana redesigned to 168 MW per building, a 50% capacity increase for the same capital spend through enhanced density and layout consolidation. Vertical integration via ESS Metron secures critical power components currently constraining competitors.

What Changed

RIOT operator profile updated with the AMD 50 MW commitment, first 5 MW delivery, $636M contract value, and Corsicana redesign. Comparative position bullets refreshed. Category Errors section updated with the CFO's reclassification statement as concrete evidence. Cohort rollup updated from $311M ($1B with options) to $636M ($1.6B with options). Metrics card refreshed (5 MW live, 50 MW contracted, $1.6B+ contracted revenue, $167M Q1 revenue).

Source

• Riot Platforms Q1 2026 Financial Results (Apr 30, 2026)

The Reports

Microsoft Azure grew 40% in Q3 FY26, beating the 37 to 38% constant-currency guide ceiling. Google Cloud accelerated to 63% growth with backlog nearly doubling quarter over quarter to over $460 billion. AWS hit 28% growth, its fastest in 15 quarters, and disclosed a new ~2 GW Trainium commitment from OpenAI ramping in 2027 that sits on top of Anthropic's reaffirmed up-to-5 GW Trainium commitment. Meta raised its 2026 capex guidance from $115 to $135 billion to $125 to $145 billion, citing higher component pricing and additional data center costs to support future capacity. Aggregate 2026 hyperscaler capex now sits near $600 billion.

The Mechanism

The four hyperscalers each confirmed capacity is the limiter on cloud growth, not demand. The setup the thesis depends on, hyperscaler capex flowing into contracted infrastructure obligations at operators with secured power, was confirmed at the source. The AI capex slowdown framing that built up through the quarter was materially refuted across the four largest spenders.

What Changed

Rebuttals section updated with new "On the AI capex slowdown narrative" subsection citing Q3 FY26 / Q1 2026 hyperscaler reporting cycle. Timeline adds April 29 industry event.

Sources

• Microsoft FY26 Q3 Press Release (Apr 29, 2026)
• Alphabet Q1 2026 Earnings Release (Apr 29, 2026)
• Amazon Q1 2026 Earnings Release (Apr 29, 2026)
• Meta Q1 2026 Earnings Release (Apr 29, 2026)

Results

GLXY reported Q1 2026 results for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. GAAP net loss of $216 million, $0.49 per share, driven primarily by mark-to-market declines on balance sheet digital asset holdings as total crypto market cap fell roughly 20% in the quarter. Firm-wide adjusted EBITDA of negative $188 million, narrowed by approximately one-third sequentially through lower expenses. Total assets $9.99 billion. Total equity $2.78 billion. Cash and stablecoins $2.6 billion ($911 million cash, $1.69 billion stablecoins). Net digital assets and investments $1.36 billion.

The Helios Milestone

Subsequent to quarter end, Galaxy delivered the first data hall to CoreWeave under the Phase I lease. Revenue recognition began in April 2026. Phase I remains on budget and on schedule for 133 MW of delivery in Q2 2026. The 526 MW critical IT load commitment is unchanged, with anticipated average annual revenue exceeding $1 billion and lease-level EBITDA margins of approximately 90% across the 15-year base term. Phase II greenfield development of 260 MW is underway, with data hall deliveries expected in the first half of 2027. The category-error position from Section 9 begins resolving here: the infrastructure is no longer pre-revenue.

Segment Performance

Digital Assets adjusted gross profit of $49 million, broadly flat sequentially despite the 20% market decline, with Global Markets contribution of $31 million up 3% quarter over quarter against industry trading volumes down more than 25%. Asset Management adjusted gross profit of $18 million, with $5.0 billion AUM, $3.2 billion in assets under stake, and $69 million in net inflows. Data Centers segment adjusted gross profit of $3.1 million for the quarter (pre-Helios revenue), with material ramp expected starting Q2 2026.

Capital Actions

Galaxy repurchased 3.2 million Class A shares for $65 million during the quarter. The company completed delisting from the Toronto Stock Exchange, consolidating its listing on Nasdaq. Post-quarter, BlackRock selected Galaxy as approved validator for staking operations on the iShares Staked Ethereum Trust ETF.

What Changed

GLXY operator profile updated with Q1 results and the first data hall delivery. Execution status moves from pre-delivery to revenue recognition begun. Timeline and metrics updated accordingly.

Sources

• Galaxy Q1 2026 Financial Results IR Page (Apr 28, 2026)
• Galaxy Q1 2026 Financial Results Press Release (Apr 28, 2026)

The Deal

APLD signed a 15-year lease at Delta Forge 1 with a U.S.-based high investment-grade hyperscaler covering 300 MW of critical IT load and approximately $7.5 billion in contracted revenue. The campus spans more than 500 acres at 430 MW total approved capacity in a strategic southern U.S. market. Initial operations are anticipated mid-2027. The tenant becomes Applied Digital's second U.S. investment-grade hyperscaler and third hyperscaler counterparty across three AI Factory campuses.

The Aggregate

Total contracted lease revenue rises from approximately $16 billion to over $23 billion. More than 50% of contracted revenue is now backed by investment-grade counterparties. The Delta Forge 1 design follows the AI Factory blueprint refined at Polaris Forge 1 and 2, where 100 MW is operational and Q3 FY26 produced $71 million in HPC Hosting revenue at the contract baseline rate. The third hyperscaler converts the customer concentration narrative: CoreWeave is no longer the sole counterparty driving the contracted base.

Financing

Applied Digital expects to enter into an up to $300 million senior secured bridge facility to fund continued development of the 150 MW Building 3 at Polaris Forge 1, plus an up to $300 million senior secured revolving credit facility for pre- and post-lease development and working capital. Both are expected on customary market terms with a syndicate of bank lenders. The bridge mirrors the structure used to fund Polaris Forge 1 and 2 ahead of project-level note offerings: deploy capital against the contract, refinance into long-term project debt once construction is in hand.

What Changed

APLD operator profile updated with Delta Forge 1 moving from in-discussions to contracted, and a third hyperscaler counterparty added. Thesis aggregate contracted revenue rises from approximately $112 billion to $119 billion. Timeline and metrics updated accordingly.

Sources

• Applied Digital: New U.S. Investment-Grade Hyperscaler Tenant at Delta Forge 1 (Apr 23, 2026)

Results

APLD reported Q3 FY26 results for the quarter ended February 28, 2026. Revenue of $126.6 million, up 139% year over year, beating consensus of $75.5 million by 68%. HPC Hosting generated $71.0 million: $44.1 million in base rent, $18.9 million in tenant fit-out services, $8.1 million in power pass-through and ancillary. HPC segment operating profit of $17.6 million. Data Center Hosting (crypto) contributed $37.5 million with $13.9 million in segment operating profit. Adjusted EBITDA of $44.1 million. Adjusted net income of $33.2 million, or $0.09 per share, against consensus of a $0.14 loss.

The Mechanism Validated

Q2 FY26 recognized $12 million in HPC lease revenue on 22 percent utilization, implying a $52 million full-quarter base-rent run rate and a $2.08 million per MW per year implied rate. Q3 delivered $44.1 million in base rent on a full quarter at 100 MW, an annualized rate of $1.76 million per MW. That sits inside the contract math range of $1.67 to $1.83 million per MW per year. Directionally correct, with the per-MW rate normalizing to the contract baseline rather than the elevated Q2 implied figure. Total HPC Hosting revenue of $71 million cleared the $52 million base-rent estimate on the strength of fit-out and pass-through components the partial-quarter analysis did not isolate.

Counterparty Credit and Power Strategy

CoreWeave delivered an unconditional springing parent guarantee and a $50 million letter of credit. The CoreWeave SPV received an A3 investment-grade rating, up from BB. Applied Digital separately took 10% equity in Base Electron, an IPP partnership with Babcock & Wilcox to develop up to 1.2 GW of natural gas generation in the Dakotas, in exchange for limited credit support until Base Electron raises $50 million or completes an IPO. Behind-the-meter power reduces dependence on utility interconnection for incremental capacity beyond Polaris Forge.

Balance Sheet

Cash and equivalents of $2.1 billion against $2.7 billion in debt at quarter end. Equity attributable to APLD of $1.58 billion, up from $497.7 million at May 2025 fiscal year-end. Total assets of $6.25 billion. The $2.15 billion of 6.75% senior secured notes for Polaris Forge 2 priced March 2 and closed March 10, subsequent to quarter close. Pro-forma debt approximately $4.85 billion. Management stated no significant debt maturities within two years. Development pipeline includes Delta Forge 1 and three additional sites, approximately 1 GW in active negotiation.

What Changed

APLD operator profile updated with Q3 execution data replacing Q2 references. Base Electron thread added to power moat discussion. Timeline adds April 8 earnings event.

Sources

• APLD Q3 FY26 Earnings Release (Apr 8, 2026)
• APLD Q3 FY26 8-K (Apr 8, 2026)

Financing

NBIS proposed $3.75 billion in convertible senior notes on March 17, one day after the Meta $27 billion announcement. Demand drove upsizing. The offering closed March 20 at $4.34 billion: $2.59 billion of 1.25% notes due 2031 and $1.75 billion of 2.625% notes due 2033. Nebius goes from zero debt to $4.34 billion. Combined with the NVIDIA $2 billion equity and Meta prepayments, management states 2026 capex of $16 to $20 billion is fully funded.

Expansion

Two capacity milestones in March. Independence, Missouri approved a Chapter 100 incentive for Nebius's largest US AI factory campus: up to 1.2 GW on approximately 400 acres with over $650 million in PILOT payments across 20 years. Separately, on March 31, Nebius announced a $10 billion data center in Lappeenranta, Finland with 310 MW capacity, first capacity online 2027. Largest site outside the US.

What Changed

NBIS fundamentals updated: debt from $0 to $4.34 billion, cash position revised upward. Operator profile and comparative position updated. Thesis aggregate figures reflect updated NBIS balance sheet.

Sources

• Nebius $3.75B Convertible Notes Proposed (Mar 17, 2026)
• Nebius $4.34B Convertible Notes Closed (Mar 20, 2026)

The Deal

CIFR executed its third data center campus lease: a 15-year agreement with an investment-grade hyperscale tenant to develop a new HPC data center at one of its existing sites. Contract value undisclosed. Third hyperscaler-grade counterparty in under a year, following AWS (Black Pearl) and Fluidstack/Google (Barber Lake).

The Revolver

Separately, Cipher closed a $200 million syndicated revolving credit facility with a $50 million accordion option. Morgan Stanley led the six-bank syndicate. Priced at SOFR +1.25% to 1.75% with step-down pricing tied to leverage. Matures March 2030. Undrawn at close. The step-down structure rewards deleveraging, a financing tool that reflects institutional confidence in Cipher's contracted cash flows.

What Changed

Cipher now has three hyperscaler-grade counterparties. Contracted revenue remains listed at $9.3 billion (undisclosed third campus value is additive). Counterparty diversification, already the best in the thesis, widens further. Updated CIFR operator profile and comparative position.

Source

• Cipher Digital Business Updates (Mar 25, 2026)

The Deal

NBIS announced a five-year AI infrastructure supply agreement with Meta Platforms valued at up to approximately $27 billion. The deal consists of $12 billion in dedicated GPU capacity across multiple locations, plus up to $15 billion in additional available compute capacity from upcoming Nebius clusters. One of the first large-scale deployments of NVIDIA's Vera Rubin platform. Delivery begins early 2027. 2026 guidance remains unchanged.

The Escalation

This expands the $3 billion Meta agreement signed in November 2025, which was constrained by available supply. The CEO's shareholder letter at the time was explicit: demand was overwhelming, and the contract was limited to available capacity. Four months later, Meta committed $27 billion to secure what it couldn't get the first time. The single contract exceeds Nebius's pre-announcement market cap of approximately $25 billion.

What Changed

Contracted backlog: Microsoft $17.4 billion plus Meta $27 billion. Combined contracted revenue now exceeds $44 billion, more than double the previous $20.4 billion. Aggregate thesis contracted revenue updated from approximately $88 billion to approximately $112 billion across all seven operators. Three counterparties have now committed capital at scale: Microsoft (dedicated GPU capacity), Meta (dedicated GPU capacity plus overflow reservation), and NVIDIA ($2 billion equity investment, March 11). No other operator in this thesis has three-counterparty validation at this level.

Updated Pages

Thesis updated with revised Meta commitment. Timeline and metrics updated accordingly.

Source

• Nebius: AI Infrastructure Agreement with Meta (Mar 16, 2026)

The Facility

WULF entered into a 364-day, $500 million delayed-draw senior secured bridge credit facility on March 13, 2026. Morgan Stanley Senior Funding leads the facility. Proceeds finance construction and development of the Hawesville, Kentucky data center acquired February 2. The agreement includes a $100 million minimum liquidity covenant.

What This Signals

Hawesville was acquired six weeks ago with 480 MW of immediate power availability. Dedicated financing arrived before the first shovel. The pace of capital formation matches the pace of site acquisition: KY/MD acquisitions in early February, bridge financing for KY in mid-March. The capital structure continues to scale: over $5 billion in long-term notes across Lake Mariner and Abernathy, now supplemented by bridge financing for the newest site.

Updated Pages

Thesis updated with bridge facility details. Timeline and metrics updated accordingly.

Source

• WULF 8-K: Delayed-Draw Bridge Credit Agreement (Mar 13, 2026)

The Structure

NBIS filed a 6-K on March 11, 2026 disclosing a private placement with NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA received a pre-funded warrant exercisable for 21,065,936 Class A ordinary shares at $0.0001 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2 billion. Six-month lockup on the warrant and underlying shares. Proceeds earmarked for full-stack AI cloud development and greenfield data center construction. The transaction is exempt from SEC registration under Section 4(a)(2) and Rule 506.

The Partnership

The capital comes with a strategic partnership that covers four areas: AI factory design and support, including early hardware samples and bring-up assistance; inference and agentic AI stack development; multi-generation NVIDIA infrastructure deployment, explicitly including the Rubin platform, Vera CPUs, and BlueField storage systems; and GPU fleet health monitoring. The stated target is more than 5 gigawatts of NVIDIA systems deployed across Nebius by end of 2030.

What This Signals

NVIDIA already held a small position from Nebius's $700 million 2024 raise. This is a different order of magnitude. $2 billion is equity, not a purchase agreement. NVIDIA doesn't earn revenue from this. They earn it if Nebius succeeds. The investment reflects a judgment that Nebius is building the right infrastructure for the next phase of AI compute, and that NVIDIA needs that infrastructure to exist.

The validation picture for Nebius is now singular among the seven operators. Microsoft committed $17.4 billion. Meta committed $3 billion. Google took 14% equity in TeraWulf. NVIDIA took direct equity in Nebius. No other operator has attracted both a hyperscaler as a customer and a chip manufacturer as a direct investor. The circularity argument will follow: NVIDIA invests in companies that buy its chips. It's not wrong. It's also not the complete picture. Jensen Huang's framing in the joint press release was explicit: agentic AI is driving compute demand, and Nebius is building the cloud for the agentic era. That isn't boilerplate. It's a signal about where NVIDIA believes the next large-scale GPU deployment happens.

Section 14 updated with both the Q4 2025 earnings recap and this investment.

Source

NBIS Form 6-K, SEC EDGAR, filed March 11, 2026. Exhibit 99.1 is the joint press release. All figures sourced directly from the filing.

The Offering

APLD announced a proposed $2.15 billion senior secured notes offering due 2031 through subsidiary APLD ComputeCo 2 LLC. Proceeds fund construction of 200 MW critical IT load at Polaris Forge 2 in Harwood, North Dakota. Private placement to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A. Subject to market conditions, not yet priced.

Structure

Project-level debt backed by contracted cash flows. Notes secured by first-priority liens on substantially all APLD ComputeCo 2 assets. Applied Digital provides completion guarantees. The $5 billion lease with an undisclosed U.S. investment-grade hyperscaler was announced October 2025. This offering funds the construction against those cash flows, insulating the parent balance sheet. Same structure as Polaris Forge 1.

Capital Stack

Combined with the $2.35B Polaris Forge 1 notes from November 2025, total project-level debt financing reaches $4.5 billion across both campuses. Second time Applied Digital has converted a hyperscaler commitment into project-level debt. Execution at Polaris Forge 1, where 100 MW delivered on time, likely contributed to market appetite.

Updated Pages

APLD operator profile updated with Polaris Forge 2 financing details. Timeline expanded with March 2026 entry. Source added to Section 8.

Source

• Applied Digital: Proposed Offering of $2.15B Senior Secured Notes (Mar 2, 2026)

The Numbers

RIOT reported full year 2025 revenue of $647.4M, up 72% from $376.7M in 2024. Bitcoin Mining drove $576.3M. Engineering hit $64.7M, up 68% year over year. GAAP net loss of $663M is nearly all noncash: $347M depreciation, $126M stock-based compensation, $158M contract settlement loss, $30M equipment impairment, $20M legal settlement. Adjusted EBITDA collapsed to $13M from $463M in 2024. The headline loss reflects transitional cost structure. Mining economics are compressing while data center revenue has barely started.

AMD Lease

First phase of the AMD data center lease at Rockdale commenced operations and began generating revenue as of January 2026. Contract signed January 16. Operational within the same month. First HPC revenue in company history. The Rockdale site has expansion potential to 200 MW total under AMD's option rights.

Liquidity

Over $1.9B total: 18,005 BTC (~$1.6B at $87,498 year-end price, 3,977 held as collateral) plus $309.8M cash ($76.3M restricted). Largest liquidity position among the five core operators. Unlike APLD, CIFR, and WULF, Riot can self-fund development without project-level debt. Engineering subsidiaries (ESS Metron, E4A Solutions) provide vertically integrated construction capability, reducing third-party dependency and generating $23.2M in cumulative capex savings.

What's Missing

Smallest contracted base in the thesis. The AMD lease represents $311M to $1B depending on extensions, against multi-billion contracts at the other four core operators. Corsicana is the gap: 1 GW approved power, 112 MW in development, construction mobilizing Q1 2026. Management has reported hyperscaler interest from Microsoft, Amazon, and others. No signed contract yet. A Corsicana lease converts RIOT from potential to contracted. Until then, the position is the power portfolio and the liquidity to develop it.

Source

• Riot Platforms FY2025 Financial Results (Mar 2, 2026)

The Numbers That Matter

CIFR reported Q4 revenue of $60M (missed $84-88M estimates) with a $734M GAAP net loss, nearly all noncash: $450M convertible derivative, $90M miner write-down, $45M Odessa impairment. The headline numbers are irrelevant to the thesis. What matters is construction, financing, and pipeline advancement.

Construction On Schedule

Both Barber Lake (300 MW, Fluidstack/Google) and Black Pearl (300 MW, AWS) confirmed on schedule and on budget. Barber Lake has 95% of long-lead equipment secured with 400+ personnel on site. Black Pearl decommissioning miners this week with 85% of existing infrastructure repurposable for AWS.

NOI Projection

Management disclosed $669M average annualized net operating income from October 2026 through September 2036, rising to $754M by 2035. First concrete framework for modeling the revenue inflection from contracted capacity. Against a ~$5.9B market cap, this is the valuation anchor the market has been missing.

Financing Complete

Three bond offerings total $3.73B. Black Pearl notes priced at 6.125%, a full point below Barber Lake's 7.125%, with 6.5x oversubscription ($13B in orders across 200+ accounts). Both issues trading above par. CFO stated no additional equity needed for contracted developments. Unrestricted liquidity at $754M.

Strategic Pivot Complete

Company rebranded to Cipher Digital. Sold JV mining interests (Alborz, Bear, Chief) to Canaan in all-stock transaction. Bitcoin holdings reduced to 1,166 BTC with full exit planned by year-end. Only remaining mining: Odessa at 207 MW through July 2027.

Pipeline

Stingray (100 MW, Andrews TX) fully interconnection approved with preferred tenant in advanced lease negotiations. Ulysses (200 MW, Ohio, PJM) with multiple hyperscalers in data rooms. Reveille (70 MW, TX) being marketed to neo clouds. McLean, McKeska, Colchis studies approved with deposits funded.

Updated Pages

CIFR profile updated with February 2026 confirmation block covering construction, financing, NOI projections, and pipeline catalysts. Category error section reflects rebrand and mining exit. Timeline expanded with Q4 earnings, bond pricing, rebrand, and rent commencement events. Catalyst section updated to reflect rent commencement and Stingray lease as near-term triggers.

Source

• Cipher Digital Q4 2025 Business Update (Feb 24, 2026)

The Numbers

NBIS reported Q4 revenue of $227.7M (up 547% YoY) against ~$247.5M street consensus. Full year revenue came in at $529.8M, upper half of $500M-$550M guidance. The miss is a modeling problem, not an execution problem: analysts anchored above the high end of company guidance at $548M.

ARR Blowout

Year-end ARR hit $1.25B against $900M-$1.1B guidance, a 25% beat at the top. 2026 ARR guidance of $7B-$9B reaffirmed without hedging. Core AI business was 94% of Q4 revenue ($214.2M), with EBITDA margin progressing from 10% (Q2) to 19% (Q3) to 24% (Q4).

Capacity Expansion

Active power reached ~170 MW against 100 MW internal target. Contracted power now exceeds 2 GW (was 800 MW at Q3), with target raised to 3+ GW by year-end 2026. Total sites expanded from 2 (2024) to 7 (2025) to 16 announced, with 9 new sites across Missouri, Alabama, Oklahoma, Minnesota, France, Israel, and the UK. Majority from owned data centers rather than colocation.

Hyperscaler Execution

Microsoft first tranche delivered November 2025 on schedule, remaining capacity on track. Both Meta tranches delivered on time, now fully in servicing stage. Deferred revenue reached $1.58B ($1.3B non-current, up from $0 at year-end 2024), representing prepayments awaiting recognition as capacity deploys.

Balance Sheet

Cash position at $3.7B (down from $4.9B at Q3 due to $2.1B Q4 capex). Zero debt. Group adjusted EBITDA turned positive at +$15M. Operating cash flow turned positive at +$834M. Full year capex totaled $4.1B.

Updated Pages

Metrics updated to Q4 2025 figures. Market caps updated across all seven operators. Timeline updated with 9-site expansion announcement.

Source

• Nebius Q4 2025 Financial Results (Feb 12, 2026)
• Nebius Q4 2025 Shareholder Letter (Feb 12, 2026)

The Miss

IREN reported Q2 FY26 revenue of $185M against $281M consensus. AI Cloud Services came in at $17M versus $31M expected. Bitcoin mining revenue fell from $233M to $167M as capacity transitions to GPU workloads. The company is in the gap between killing mining revenue and ramping AI Cloud.

Financing Closed

$3.6B GPU financing secured for Microsoft contract at sub-6% interest. Combined with Microsoft's $1.9B prepayment, 95% of GPU-related capex is now funded. Cash position reached $2.8B as of January 31, 2026. Over $9.2B in total funding secured year-to-date.

Oklahoma Campus

New 1.6 GW data center campus announced in Oklahoma. Grid studies complete, power scheduled to ramp from 2028. 2,000-acre site with low-latency network connectivity. Total secured power portfolio now exceeds 4.5 GW.

BC Contracts Progress

Prince George now has $400M ARR under contract. Additional $500M+ ARR in active negotiation for remaining British Columbia capacity. Horizon 1-4 construction for Microsoft progressing on schedule.

Updated Pages

Metrics updated to Q2 FY26 figures. Power portfolio references updated from 3 GW to 4.5+ GW across thesis sections.

Source

• IREN Q2 FY26 Results (Feb 5, 2026)

Phase I Delivery Imminent

GLXY Q4 2025 earnings confirm first Helios data hall delivery to CoreWeave by end of Q1 2026. Full 133 MW Phase I on track for H1 2026. Building dried in, commissioning underway, 1,000+ workers on site.

Phase II Already Started

Earthwork, concrete, and steelwork underway. Long-lead equipment purchase orders issued for 260 MW build. Management describes Helios as "first step" in multi-gigawatt, multi-tenant, multi-campus platform.

Pipeline Expands

1.8 GW in additional ERCOT applications beyond approved 1.6 GW. Evaluated 100+ campuses across U.S. for expansion beyond Helios. 830 MW being shopped to investment-grade tenants.

Updated Pages

Timeline includes earnings event. Metrics updated to FY 2025 figures. Sources include Q4 2025 earnings release.

Source

• Galaxy Digital Q4 2025 Earnings (Feb 3, 2026)

Financing the AWS Facility

CIFR announced $2 billion senior secured notes offering for Black Pearl, a 300 MW HPC data center in Wink, Texas. Facility fully pre-leased to Amazon Data Services under triple-net lease with 3% annual escalators.

Amazon Guarantee Structure

Amazon.com Inc. guarantees base rent and operating expenses. Amazon also covers construction cost overruns above $9.5M per IT megawatt. This structure makes the project extremely bankable. Hence the $2B raise against a single facility.

Capital Recycling

Cipher receives $232.5M reimbursement for prior equity contributions to the project. Money in, development progresses, financing closes, money comes back. Available for the next site.

Updated Pages

Timeline includes financing event. Thesis section updated with Black Pearl facility name and Amazon guarantee structure.

Source

• Cipher $2B Notes Offering (Feb 3, 2026)

Portfolio Doubles

WULF announced strategic acquisitions of two brownfield infrastructure sites, adding 1.5 GW to their portfolio. Total capacity reaches 2.8 GW across five sites with 643 MW contracted and 2.2 GW owned pipeline.

Kentucky: Hawesville

Former industrial site with 480 MW immediate power availability, on-site energized substation, direct transmission connection, and 250+ buildable acres. Strategic Midwest location within 300 miles of major metro areas.

Maryland: Morgantown Generating Station

Grid-connected power generation facility with 210 MW operational capacity, expandable to 1 GW. Located near Washington D.C. with 250 buildable acres. Establishes TeraWulf presence in PJM market. Closing subject to FERC approval.

Updated Pages

Timeline includes acquisition event. Thesis section reflects five-site portfolio and four-region geographic diversification.

Source

• TeraWulf KY/MD Acquisitions Press Release (Feb 2, 2026)

Full Coverage

The Timeline page now covers all seven operators and industry events from 2018 through 2028. RIOT, IREN, and NBIS join the four operators added January 30.

Key Additions

• RIOT: 2021 Whinstone acquisition ($651M, 750 MW), Corsicana buildout (1 GW approved), AI/HPC evaluation of 600 MW remaining capacity
• IREN: 2018 founding, Nasdaq IPO, Childress County acquisition, $9.7B Microsoft GPU cloud contract, Sweetwater Hub buildout to 2 GW
• NBIS: Yandex origins through Russia sanctions, Nebius rebrand, $700M NVIDIA raise, $17.4B Microsoft contract, $3B Meta deal

Also Updated

Industry events now included: Bitcoin halvings, China mining ban, Ethereum Merge, ChatGPT and GPT-4 launches, spot Bitcoin ETF approval, NVIDIA Blackwell announcement, CoreWeave emergence, and hyperscaler spending commitments. Site dates updated to February 2026.

New Coverage

The Timeline page now includes comprehensive coverage of GLXY, CIFR, and WULF alongside APLD. Timeline extends back to 2018 with Galaxy Digital's founding and traces each company through their public listings, infrastructure buildouts, and hyperscaler contracts.

Key Additions

• GLXY: 2018 founding, TSX listing, 2022 Helios acquisition, 2025 CoreWeave $15B contract, Nasdaq listing
• CIFR: 2021 SPAC merger, Texas operations, 2024 Barber Lake acquisition, 2025 Fluidstack and AWS deals totaling $9.3B
• WULF: 2021 founding and listing, Lake Mariner buildout, 2025 Fluidstack deals with Google backing totaling $16B+

Coming

Timeline coverage for RIOT, IREN, and NBIS in progress.

New Page

Added Timeline page showing corporate history and industry events in chronological order. The preview release covers APLD with other operators to follow.

Purpose

The thesis is dense. Some prefer reading it linearly. Others want to see how the pieces fit together chronologically. When did APLD pivot to HPC. Where does the CoreWeave contract fit in the broader narrative. The timeline serves the second group.

Coming

Full coverage of all seven operators and industry events. Each company requires cross-referencing press releases and news coverage to get dates and details right.

Development

NVIDIA invested an additional $2 billion in CoreWeave at $87.20 per share, becoming the company's second-largest shareholder. This follows their existing $3.3 billion stake and the $6.3 billion capacity backstop agreement through 2032 disclosed in September. Total NVIDIA exposure to CoreWeave now exceeds $11 billion.

Thesis Implications

CoreWeave is the primary counterparty for APLD ($11 billion in contracts) and GLXY ($15 billion+ projected). Counterparty risk was identified as a key bear case in Section 15. This investment materially changes that calculus. The relevant question shifts from "can CoreWeave pay?" to "can NVIDIA afford for CoreWeave to fail?" Jensen Huang's statement framed CoreWeave as "the foundation of the AI industrial revolution." That's dependency language, not investment language.

Source

• NVIDIA/CoreWeave Press Release (Jan 26, 2026)

New Page

Added Metrics page providing a fundamentals snapshot across all seven operators. Tracks cash, debt, revenue, contracted value, and enterprise value for quick comparative analysis.

EV/Contract Ratio

The page introduces EV/Contract as a key comparative metric. This ratio divides enterprise value by total contracted revenue to show how much the market is paying per dollar of committed future cash flows. A lower ratio suggests the market is discounting the contracts more heavily. A higher ratio suggests the market is pricing in execution confidence or expansion optionality. Comparing EV/Contract across operators reveals relative valuation disparities even when absolute contract sizes differ substantially.

Metrics Tracked

• Cash and debt positions
• Quarterly revenue (most recent reported)
• Contracted revenue totals
• Enterprise value and EV/Contract ratios
• Capacity metrics (live, contracted, pipeline)

Site Updates

• Resource cards added to landing page for Pipeline and Metrics
• Metrics accessible via direct link or from operators section

Development

Applied Digital broke ground on Delta Forge 1, a 430 MW AI Factory campus in a strategic southern U.S. market. The campus is designed to support up to 300 MW of critical IT load across two 150-MW facilities spanning more than 500 acres. Initial operations expected mid-2027, with ability to scale considerably in 2028 and beyond.

Thesis Implications

• APLD expansion pipeline now approaches 2 GW (600 MW contracted at Polaris Forge, 800 MW option, 430 MW Delta Forge 1)
• Company in discussions with another prospective investment-grade hyperscaler for Delta Forge 1, which would be a third major customer
• Demonstrates replicable AI Factory blueprint refined through Polaris Forge campuses
• Geographic diversification beyond North Dakota

Source

• APLD Delta Forge 1 Groundbreaking Press Release (Jan 22, 2026)

New Page

Added Pipeline page tracking Bitcoin miners pivoting to AI infrastructure. These companies have power secured and infrastructure under development, but lack signed hyperscaler contracts. Not thesis positions until they close deals, but worth monitoring as the AI infrastructure buildout continues. A signed contract moves them to the main thesis.

Current Pipeline

• BITF (Bitfarms): 1.3 GW power pipeline, $750M liquidity. Panther Creek PA flagship site (350 MW) with Macquarie financing, T5 Data Centers as construction partner. Furthest along.
• HIVE (HIVE Digital): 540 MW total footprint across Sweden, Iceland, and Canada. Already generating GPU cloud revenue. Paraguay expansion underway.
• DGXX (Digi Power X): 197 MW available power in Texas ERCOT. Early stage, smallest of the three.

Site Updates

• Pipeline link added to landing page operators section
• Page accessible via direct link or from main thesis navigation

Position Initiated

RIOT enters the thesis following the announcement of a 10-year Data Center Lease with AMD and fee simple acquisition of the Rockdale site. RIOT becomes the fifth core infrastructure operator alongside APLD, GLXY, CIFR, and WULF.

Contract Details

• AMD Data Center Lease: 25 MW initial deployment at Rockdale, TX
• 10-year base term: ~$311 million contracted revenue
• Three 5-year extension options: potential total ~$1 billion
• AMD expansion options: +75 MW plus 100 MW ROFR (200 MW total potential)
• Delivery phases: January 2026 (Phase 1), May 2026 (Phase 2)
• Initial retrofit capex: $89.8 million ($3.6M per MW critical IT load)

Fee Simple Acquisition

• Acquired 200 acres at Rockdale for $96 million (previously ground lease)
• Funded by sale of 1,080 BTC from balance sheet
• Rockdale site: 700 MW grid interconnection, dedicated water, fiber
• Ownership unlocks full data center development flexibility

Compensation Restructuring

• 2026 AIP amended to tie bonuses to data center execution
• New metrics: Data Center Revenue (15%), Data Center NOI (15%)
• "Bitcoin Yield" metric eliminated
• Incentives now fully aligned with AI infrastructure pivot

Thesis Significance

AMD as counterparty expands thesis beyond hyperscalers to chipmakers building inference capacity. RIOT's 1.7 GW Texas portfolio (Rockdale 700 MW + Corsicana 1 GW) positions them similarly to other core operators. Corsicana has reported hyperscaler interest (Microsoft, Amazon) but no signed contracts yet. Smallest contracted base in thesis currently, but first contract often precedes rapid accumulation.

Structure Changes

• Core operators: 4 → 5 (added RIOT as §12)
• Total operators: 6 → 7
• Total sections: 15 → 16
• IREN renumbered to §13, NBIS to §14
• Bear Cases renumbered to §15, Rebuttals to §16

Aggregate Figures Updated

• Core contracted revenue: $57B → $58B
• Total contracted revenue: $87B → $88B
• Combined market cap: $70-75B → $80-85B

Sources

• RIOT AMD Lease & Rockdale Acquisition Press Release (Jan 16, 2026)
• RIOT CFO Transition & Compensation Changes (Jan 2, 2026)
• RIOT SEC Filings

Capacity Update

GLXY announced ERCOT approval of an additional 830 MW at the Helios data center campus in West Texas. This doubles total ERCOT-approved, utility-contracted capacity to over 1.6 GW.

Key Details

• Completed Large Load Interconnection Study (LLIS) for 830 MW additional capacity
• Executed service agreement with AEP Texas Inc. for the new capacity
• Transmission interconnection provider: Wind Energy Transmission Texas (WETT)
• Total approved capacity now 1.6 GW (was 800 MW)
• CoreWeave contracted for original 800 MW; new 830 MW available for additional customers
• Ultimate buildout potential remains 3.5 GW

Thesis Implications

This approval validates the temporal moat thesis. Galaxy acquired Helios in December 2022 for $65M. Three years later, they've doubled their approved capacity through ERCOT's queue, a process new entrants would need 5+ years to replicate. The 830 MW represents expansion runway for additional hyperscaler relationships beyond CoreWeave.

Source

Galaxy Digital Press Release (Jan 15, 2026)

New Content

Added dedicated APLD Revenue Analysis page with detailed breakdown of Q2 FY26 economics. The analysis reverse-engineers the per-MW run rate from partial-quarter data using actual energization dates (Phase I: Oct 27, Phase II: Nov 24).

Key Findings

• Q2 operated at 23% of theoretical capacity (2,100 MW-days vs 9,100 possible)
• $12M lease revenue on 23% utilization implies ~$52M full quarter run rate
• Implied rate of $2.08M per MW per year exceeds contract math ($1.67-1.83M)
• Stabilized 600 MW implies ~$1.25B annual HPC lease revenue
• At 85% NOI margin, implies ~$1.06B HPC NOI vs $10-11B enterprise value (~10x multiple)

Site Updates

Link added to APLD section (§8) pointing to the new analysis. Page will be updated quarterly as new data becomes available.

Results

APLD reported Q2 FY26 results (quarter ended November 30, 2025). Revenue of $126.6 million, up 250% year over year. First HPC lease revenue recognized: $12 million from the 100 MW facility at Polaris Forge 1. Adjusted EBITDA of $20.2 million. Adjusted net income at breakeven.

Execution Milestones

• 100 MW facility (ELN-02) delivered on schedule, fully energized
• 150 MW facility (ELN-03) under construction, expected calendar 2026
• Polaris Forge 2 (200 MW) broke ground, initial capacity expected 2026, full capacity early 2027
• Property and equipment on balance sheet: $2.0 billion, up from $1.24 billion six months prior

Balance Sheet

• Cash and restricted cash: $2.3 billion
• Total debt: $2.6 billion
• $2.35 billion senior secured notes closed (9.25%, due 2030)
• Macquarie preferred equity: $900 million drawn, $4.1 billion remaining capacity
• $100 million development loan facility added for new site pre-lease work

Forward Guidance

Management raised guidance, now expecting to exceed $1 billion NOI within five years. Company disclosed advanced discussions with a third investment-grade hyperscaler across multiple regions including additional Dakota sites and southern U.S. markets.

Position Initiated

NBIS (Nebius Group) added to the thesis as an adjacent position. Nebius operates the same GPU cloud model as IREN: own the hardware, sell compute. Two hyperscaler contracts totaling $20.4B:

• Microsoft: $17.4B over 5 years (option to $19.4B), Vineland NJ data center
• Meta: $3B over 5 years, deployed within 3 months of signing

Already generating revenue at scale, unlike most operators in the thesis. Power portfolio targeting 2.5 GW contracted by end of 2026.

Position Reframed

IREN moved from core thesis to adjacent position. The $9.7B Microsoft contract remains compelling. The 3 GW power portfolio is real. But IREN sells compute, not infrastructure. Buildings don't depreciate on NVIDIA's release cycle. GPUs do.

This isn't a downgrade. It's a categorization correction. The core thesis is "Follow the Watts": power as constraint, infrastructure as product. IREN monetizes power differently than APLD, GLXY, CIFR, and WULF. The adjacent category acknowledges this distinction.

Thesis Structure

Sections reorganized to reflect the core/adjacent distinction:

• Core Four: APLD (§8), GLXY (§9), CIFR (§10), WULF (§11). Colocation model.
• Adjacent Two: IREN (§12), NBIS (§13). GPU cloud model.

Total sections increased from 14 to 15. Part IV now covers six operators. Part V (Bear Cases, Rebuttals) renumbered accordingly.

Aggregate Figures Updated

• Total contracted revenue: $67B → $87B across six operators
• Combined market cap: $20-25B → $40-50B (including NBIS at ~$21B)
• Operator count references updated throughout (five → six)

Comparison Section Expanded

The pattern comparison in Section 11 (WULF) now includes both adjacent positions. Each dimension (contracted revenue, counterparty, expansion runway, execution status, business model, category error, hyperscaler validation) updated to reflect NBIS alongside IREN.

Sources Added

Seven sources for NBIS section:

• Nebius Microsoft $17.4B contract PR (Sep 2025)
• Nebius Microsoft contract SEC 6-K with $19.4B option terms
• Nebius Meta $3B contract PR (Nov 2025)
• Q3 2025 earnings release
• New Jersey 300MW data center announcement
• Finland 75MW expansion announcement
• Investor relations filings

Thesis Launched

Follow the Watts published with five operators: APLD, GLXY, IREN, CIFR, WULF. Core argument: power scarcity creates infrastructure moats. Contracted revenue from hyperscalers and neoclouds provides visibility. Market mispricing due to crypto categorization creates opportunity.

14 sections across 5 parts. Approximately $67B in contracted revenue across operators at time of publication.